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There are three different types of muscle tissue in the human body: cardiac muscle, which is only in the heart; smooth muscle, which is found in organs & blood vessels; and of course skeletal muscle, which is found all over the body and is responsible for movement. All three of these muscle types have distinctly different anatomical structure and function in the body. We know that muscles get bigger and stronger when put under stress, which is called adaption. Which simply means that the muscle is preparing itself in case it’s put under the same type of stress again. An analogy is calluses on your hand, if you rub your hand on a course surface causing enough friction eventually the skin adapts by building up calluses, thus protecting it self from future happenings. Muscle reacts much the same way, if you train them or put them under enough stress they will adapt to this stress by growing bigger and stronger. So the next time you train them they will be capable of handling this new level of stress. Now obviously that is a very basic explanation, but hang on to your dumbbells we’ll get more in depth! Inside a muscle there are groups of motor units separated by membranes. Each motor unit consists of a single neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates. In muscles such as the hand where fine motor control is necessary the ratio of nerves to fibers will be much higher than that of a muscle such as the calf. Muscle fiber consists of myofibrils, a myofibril is a small bundle of myofilaments. Myofilaments are mainly comprised of two types of proteins called actin and myosin. The myofilament is the part of the muscle that actually shortens upon contraction where the actin and myosin filaments slide over each other, which is called the sliding filament theory. Basically by the way of chemical bonds and receptor sites located on the myofilaments the actin and myosin attract each other thereby causing a contraction. A contraction can be held until fatigue sets in, and the strength of a contraction is determined by the number of motor units that are recruited. Inevitably, the more force that is necessary for muscle contraction requires an increased number of motor units to allow the muscle to contract. Within skeletal muscle there are three types of muscle fibers: Type I, Type IIa and Type IIb. Everyone has their own unique distribution of these fibers, some people are predominately Type I, and some Type IIa, however the “average person” has an even amount of red and white fiber. Type I muscle fiber often referred to as slow-twitch or red fiber and is highly resistant to fatigue and has a high oxidative capacity, This muscle fiber is responsible for aerobic exercises and activities, such as running. Type IIa muscle fiber often referred to as fast-twitch or white fiber is an intermediate fiber and they’re larger in size and much stronger than Type I fibers. Type IIb muscle fiber, which are also fast twitch & white fiber, are capable of producing more force than Type IIa, but they’re low in oxidative capacity, and fatigue very quickly. Fast twitch fibers have thicker nerves that give them an increased contractile impulse, which is measured by the number of twitches per second, hence the name fast twitch fiber. Slow twitch fibers have smaller nerves, thereby twitch much slower, however they have a higher number of mitochondria, which increases their oxidative capacity. Mitochondria are the cells in a muscle that synthesize ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), often referred to as the cell’s “powerhouse”. Okay, so now you have a basic understanding of muscle physiology, let’s talk about how we make them grow! The enlargement of a muscle fiber is called hypertrophy. As I mentioned earlier muscle growth or hypertrophy is a result of adaption to a new stress placed upon the muscle. So, what is the best form of stress? Well, there really is no single best principle that will work for every person. This is where the muscle fiber type distribution that you posses becomes important. If you train using appropriate methods based on your individual body type you will ultimately get faster results. First I would like to define the 7 Laws (adapted from the writings of Fredrick C. Hatfield) that should be adhered to regardless of the type of training system you employ: Law I – The Principle Of Individual Differences We must recognize and accept that we are all different based on genetics. We all have different body types, often referred to as the somatotypes: ectomorph, mesomorph & endomorph (most people are a combination of all 3 body types). The somatotypes is a very general classification that can help you determine the best type of training for you, but it’s a very basic tool and there is much more involved in one’s genetic make-up and musculature. Somatotypes are defined as follows: - Ectomorph: Thin, light bone structure, difficult to gain mass. - Mesomorph: Muscular, lean, gains muscle mass relatively easy. - Endomorph: Heavy, large bone structure, propensity to weight gain. Law II – The Overcompensation Principle The body overcompensates in defense to the stress placed upon it. A muscle grows bigger and stronger when trained with heavy weights, just as your hand will develop calluses when friction is applied. If you do not change the form of stress the muscles will have no reason to further adapt. Law III – The Overload Principle Relates to Law II, in that to gain further size & strength, endurance, etc., you must use training that is greater than what the body would normally encounter. If you train with the same amount of weight and/or repetitions every workout your muscles will not continue to adapt. Thus, you must overload in some way to cause further adaption. Law IV – The SAID Principle Specific Adaption to Imposed Demands, basically this law states that in order to meet your training objectives, e.g. increase explosiveness, you must you use specific training methods that will increase explosiveness. Or, if your goal is to increase limit strength, you must train with heavy weights. Law V – The Use/Disuse Principle Very simply put: “use it, or lose it”! If you increase a muscle via weight training you must continue to place the same or more stress upon the muscle or it will inevitably return to it’s normal size, which is called atrophy. Law VI – The Specificity Principle This law states that you must progress from foundational training to specific training to meet your final objective, whether it be a competition or improving your game of golf. An example would be to increase your maximum squat you need to use squats in your training rather than leg presses. Law VII – The GAS Principle General Adaption Syndrome, there are three stages: the alarm stage (intense training), the resistance stage (adaption) and the exhaustion stage (over training). If one is not careful in their training regimen they will over train according to this law. To avoid over training you must use periods of high intensity training, followed by periods of low intensity training and/or rest. So, no matter what method of training you utilize, the 7 Laws should be adhered to as closely as possible to facilitate maximum gains and to avoid a state of over training. The two most common questions are how much weight and how many reps? Unfortunately there is no magic number; it will vary from individual to individual. An “ectomorph” who is predominantly red fiber will respond better to higher repetition training, whereas a “mesomorph” who is predominantly white fiber will respond better to lower repetitions and heavier weights. However, no one is any single somatotype, most of us are a combination of all three, so there is no canned program that will yield the best results. For overall size gains, the goal of a bodybuilder, using a multitude of rep ranges, poundage’s and varying intensity will be most beneficial as well as staying in your 55-85 percent maximum range. If your max on bench press were 200lbs, using varying weights of 110lbs up to 170lbs would be your “training zone”. That does not mean you should never go above or below those poundage’s, it just means that the majority of training you do should be within that range. Typically, for hypertrophy to take place your reps should be in the 4-8 range. There is no need to ever use a weight that you cannot perform at least 4 reps with, unless your goal is pure strength. There are a few reasons that I say this, one is that when you train at 90 percent or higher of your maximum weight Type IIb muscle fibers are doing the majority of the work, and this will not do much for hypertrophy. In fact, even power lifters and Olympic lifters do the majority of their training at around 85% of their max. You may be thinking that 55-85 percent is quite a difference in poundage, well it is. This is where periodization comes into play. Periodization is a concept where you use cycles to break up your training. Regardless of your ultimate goal you should have a plan, and this plan needs to be broken up into your daily, weekly, and monthly workouts. So, you may have a week of heavy intense training, then a maintenance week of lighter training, the light week allows the muscles to recuperate, yet because they’re still being trained atrophy will not occur from disuse. In order to avoid a state of over training, and continue to grow, we need to recover. Remember your muscles do not grow in the gym, they grow when at rest. Many factors contribute to over training, including inadequate rest, continued heavy training, and deficiencies in diet & nutrition. By using periodization to map out your training you will avoid over training and keep your muscles in a state of continued adaption. Principles that can be used when planning your training cycles: Cycle Training: this is where you break up your training into bulk cycles, strength cycles and cutting cycles; which will help keep your muscles in a responsive state. Split Training: this is breaking up your training into separate body parts each work-out which allows for shorter and more intense sessions. Muscle Confusion: your muscles adapt to stress, and ultimately you can reach a plateau. By constantly varying the exercises, weights, sets and reps you can ensure continued adaption. Progressive Overload: continue to increase different parameters in your training, whether it be more weight, increasing sets and reps, etc. Eclectic Training: using a variety of methods in your training, combining numerous techniques such as compound and isolation exercises. Principles that can assist you in arranging each workout: Supersets: alternating two opposing muscle groups with little rest in between sets. Giant Sets: performing several exercises for a single muscle group with little rest in between sets. Muscle Priority: training a weaker body part first in your work out. Pre-Exhaustion: this is where you perform an isolation exercise preceding a compound exercise, e.g. leg extensions before squats. Pyramiding: beginning with a lighter weight, gradually increasing weight and lowering reps, then work backwards, decreasing weight and increasing reps. Stripping: going from a heavy weight, and stripping off weight each set as fatigue sets in. Principles that can be used with each exercise: Forced reps: once failure has been reached on a set, your partner assists you in performing additional reps that could not be performed alone. Continuous tension: maintaining slow continuous tension thru out the rep, which will maximize red muscle fiber recruitment. Cheating: once failure is reached the weight is swung past your sticking point to complete the movement. (useful when you do not have a spotter) Partial reps: as the name implies only part of the full movement is performed, e.g. only curling a barbell half way up, which can be effective due to the varying points of leverage. Peak contraction: at the completion of a set holding the weight fully contracted for a few seconds. Super speed: using a lighter weight, reps are performed explosively yet controlled, called “compensatory acceleration”, which can help with white fiber recruitment. Another very important component of your training and growth is nutrition. Unfortunately, the scope of this article is not diet and nutrition, but I want to emphasize its importance. Since protein is required for anabolism, it’s crucial that your protein intake be adequate. The general rule of thumb for protein requirements is 1 to 1.5 grams of protein per pound of bodyweight. This means that a 200lb bodybuilder should be consuming 200-300 grams of protein per day spread across 5-6 meals each day (33 to 50 grams per meal). You should consume protein from a variety of sources, including red meat, chicken, eggs, milk, fish, cheese and whey to name a few. Many times people will say they just cannot gain weight; well the answer is simple “eat more calories”. In order to gain weight, including muscle mass, you must be consuming more calories than you’re burning, period. So, if you feel that you’re doing everything correctly in regards to training, and you’re not gaining weight, try increasing your calories by 200-300 per day. I am not saying the answer is that simple, although often times it is, I am just making the point that you cannot gain weight without adequate calories. 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Many men suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) -- the inability to achieve and sustain an erection long enough to have enjoyable and fulfilling sex. For a variety of reasons ED is most common in men over 45. The sex drive is often lowered even further in older men who are taking medications of various kinds. Most of us assume the sex drive gradually diminishes as we get older, so we are prepared to accept ED as a natural condition. But the fact is, the inability for many men to sustain an erection may be more the result of treatable physical conditions rather than an actual loss of sex drive. Until the early 1980s most people -- including most trained urologists -- assumed that ED was basically a mental or psychological problem. But in 1983 at a presentation to the American Urological Association, Dr. Giles Brindley demonstrated that a penis could be made erect by injecting it with the drug phentolamine. In a public demonstration, he used his own penis to make the point. Brindley had discovered that the penis could be made erect by relaxing the normally consricted blood vessels leading into it. Once the blood vessels are relaxed, they let in more blood and the penis inflates something like a balloon to form an erection. So gradually it came to be accepted that ED is the result of physical changes in the adult male -- not primarily mental or psychological conditions. Viagra - Controlling the Penile Valve Phentolamine -- the drug used by Dr. Brindley to give himself a public erection -- started to be used with some success in the 80's and 90's, but there are two problems with phentolamine. First, it is not selective enough to target only the penis, so its effects on other parts of the body are unpredictable. And second, the erections it creates are not brought on by sexual stimulation. You can get an erection any old time with phentolamine, and you will continue to have one until the effect of the drug wears off. Viagra was the first drug that overcame these two problems. (It was introduced in 1998 by the Pfizer company. The active ingredient in Viagra is sildenafil citrate.) Viagra does not work by relaxing the blood vessels of the penis. Instead it enhances the natural processes that take place when a man is sexually stimulated. It does this by controlling what we might call the "Softeners" -- the chemicals in the body designed to make the penis go soft after an erection. It works something like this. When a man is sexually stimulated his brain sends signals that trigger the production of chemicals that relax the blood vessels in the penis. Think of these as "Hardeners". As the blood vessels are relaxed by the production of Hardeners, blood flow increases and the penis goes erect. But nature has also designed a way for the erection to gradually subside. At the same time as Hardeners are being produced to relax the blood vessels, the body is also producing Softeners to break down and neutralize the Hardeners. These are an enzyme known as phosphodiesterase (PDE5). As long as the sexually stimulated male is producing more Hardeners than Softeners, the penis will remain erect. But as soon as the production of Hardeners starts to go down, the Softeners will get the upper hand, and the erection will start to fizzle. It is now generally assumed that ED is caused by an imbalance of Hardeners and Softeners. The body is either not producing enough Hardeners, or too many Softeners. Either way, the result is the inability to sustain an erection. What Viagra does is block the production of Softeners. This allows the Hardeners to build up in the blood vessels of the penis and create hard, sustained erections. The beauty of the process is that nothing happens without sexual stimulation. Viagra does not take the place of stimulation. Instead, it simply lets the natural chemicals created by sexual stimulation do their work. After sex, when the brain is no longer creating Hardeners, the erection subsides naturally. And when the effects of Viagra wear off -- normally after 4 or 5 hours -- the normal processes are restored to the way they were before taking the drug. Of course, as with any drug, there are potential side effects. Viagra should not be taken if you are taking any nitrate-based drug, including nitroglycerin or if you are on any blood pressure or heart medication, as combining Viagra with these drugs can cause a severe drop in blood pressure. Also, if you have any liver or kidney problems it is not recommended that you take Viagra. herbal penis enlarement pills free penis enlarement technique manual pennis enlargement exercise pennis enlargement fact natural pnis enlargement does pnis enlargement work cheap penis enargement pills enlagement free penis pills sample natural penile enlargement exercise
Nearly every person feels at least a little bit insecure about certain aspects of himself or herself; it could be looks, height, skin color, and many other things. For many men, their penis size is one thing they wish they could change. There are theories about how this feeling of discontent probably started when they began comparing what they had with what other boys in the locker room had. Maybe some men blame an unsatisfactory sex life on what they think is an inadequate penis. Whatever the reason, many men believe that they fall short of the normal penis size and this affects how they think and feel about themselves in a lot of ways. The prevalent mindset is that bigger is better, and many women feel this way about their bodies, too. How many women have had breast implants done on them because they feel they will look more womanly and more attractive? For men, the perception is that the size of the penis is an indicator of masculinity -- if it’s bigger, he is more macho and someone who should command more respect. It doesn’t help that well-endowed men in porn movies are portrayed as having normal penis size. Also, no matter how much women deny that penis size is unimportant in lovemaking, men will still believe that they will be better lovers if they have big dicks. That’s why it is very important for men to know and understand the facts about normal penis size and to accept the fact that they are indeed normal. According to studies such as the Kinsey report, normal penis size in its flaccid state ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 inches and four to eight inches in the erect state. Interestingly, some penises grow to be much larger when erect, while others barely increase in size. Evidently, how big or small a flaccid penis is does not indicate how large it will be during erection. Another interesting factor that might influence how men see their penises is the viewing angle or perspective. Looking down at it might make it seem smaller than it actually is. That’s why when you compare the size of your dick with those of the other guys in the locker room, yours will usually seem to come up shorter. Insecurity about penis size is also prevalent among teenagers. This is understandable since a lot of adolescents feel the need to be looked up to or at least stand out. Getting laughed at for having a small dick during high school can be a humiliating experience. However, it is worth remembering that the body is still growing at that stage. Some men may reach normal penis size at an earlier age, while others are late bloomers and may attain their maximum growth at a later period. The average man usually has a normal penis size. However, wanting to look and feel better is not at all unusual. If you’re a man who wants to increase your penis size, there are several ways you can go about it. You can try various penis enlargement products that are out on the market, such as penis pumps, traction devices, penis enlargement surgery or phalloplasty, and dietary supplements. It would be wise to seek the advice of experts before you go for any major procedures. For some men, getting psychosexual advice from a psychologist or psychiatrist has helped resolve negative feelings about themselves. Wanting to look good and feel great is entirely normal, but obsessing over it is not. Accepting what nature endowed you with and knowing how to use it is key to self-acceptance -– you may be “normal,” but you are then in no way just “average.” pennis enlargement stretcher penile enlargment surgery buy penis enargement pills pnis enlargement doctor penis enlarement pic before and after vig rx review pennis enlargement surgery photo vimax natural penile enlargement exercise
Erectile dysfunction, previously termed as impotence, is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection long enough for sexual satisfaction of both partners. There are many measures of erectile dysfunction ranging from a total inability or an inconsistency in achieving or maintaining an erection to maintaining erections just briefly. Based on this definition, it has been reported that about 30 million men in the USA suffer from some degree of ED. Studies have shown that 80% of ED cases can be traced to physical causes, while the remaining percentage can be accredited to psychological conditions. Damage to the arteries, smooth muscles and fibrous tissues are the most common physical causes reported for ED. Apart from such injuries, other physical origins could be certain diseases (diabetes, multiple sclerosis, etc.), hormonal disorders, surgery (removal of the prostrate gland, etc.), and substance abuse (alcohol, tobacco, drugs, other medications). In older men, ED is generally traced to physical causes, such as an illness, injury, or side effects of drugs. ED can also be caused by psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, lack of self-confidence, indifference and guilt. Sometimes moving to a different location, distraction while aroused, etc. may also lead to erectile problems. Psychological causes could also be secondary reactions to underlying physical problems. The most popular conventional treatments for ED include Pfizer’s famous Viagra®, Cialis® by Eli Lilly & Co, and Levitra® co-marketed by Bayer Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline. These are not only exorbitantly expensive, but are also capable of causing a whole lot of undesirable side-effects. It makes one wonder if all that sexual pleasure is really worth that cost at all. Herbal alternatives have proven to be much cheaper and SAFER than the conventional prescription ones mentioned above. ProVIGRAX is the first clinically proven, non-prescription, herbal formulation used for ED. Unlike Viagra® and Cialis®, ProVIGRAX is natural, safe and very cost-effective. Its efficiency is comparable to that of any prescription pill you can find in the market. ProVIGRAX is a fast acting drug, and it can be taken just 45 minutes prior to any sexual activity. It lasts as long as 4 whole, satisfying hours of bliss. ProVIGRAX contains Niacin, which is involved in the synthesis of sex hormones in the body. It also increases blood circulation and facilitates an increase in touch sensitivity all over the body. Another ingredient, Vitamin B6, clears the plaque from the blood vessels, allowing for a greater volume of blood flow to the penis while stimulated, resulting in a firmer, harder and longer lasting erection. ProVIGRAX also contains a precursor of Nitric Oxide, L-Arginine (believed to be the most effective natural supplement for increasing male libido), which is essential in initiating and maintaining an erection, and causes better blood flow to the genital area. L-Arginine also enhances count, volume and motility of sperms. ProVIGRAX also contains Epimedium (Horny Goat weed) and Maca which are very popular herbal aphrodisiacs used over many centuries to relieve erectile problems. herbal pennis enlargement pills pnis enlargement before and after best penile enlargement pills pennis enlargement result penile enlargment cream com enargement penis penis pump vimax penis enlargement stretcher pennis enlargement exercise natural penile enlargement exercise
Hypertension is the term doctors use for high blood pressure. It’s often referred to as a Silent Killer since many people may have no noticeable symptoms. Over 50 million people suffer from high blood pressure, but nearly one third aren’t even aware of it. Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease, the nations’ number one killer. Those who do experience the symptoms of high blood pressure feel dizzy, headaches and sometimes nosebleeds. Unfortunately, by the time symptoms are felt, blood pressure is dangerously high. But many people with uncontrolled high blood pressure never have any of these symptoms. Blood pressure is the force of the blood through your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your circulatory system. Blood pressure is reported as a fraction, with one number over the other. The top number, called the systolic pressure, is the force when your heart contracts, the bottom number, called the diastolic pressure, is the pressure when you hear relaxes between beats. To measure your blood pressure, an inflatable cuff is wrapped around your arm, and air is pumped in. The doctor or nurse, while watching the pressure gauge, listens with a stethoscope for your pulse to disappear. The pressure at which your pulse can no longer be heard corresponds to the systolic pressure. The cuff is released and the pressure at which your pulse can be heard again is the diastolic pressure. Like the pressure in your car tires, pressure is measure in millimeters of mercury or mmHg. Typically, healthy people have a blood pressure at or below 120/80mmHg. Your risk of heart or CV disease has recently been found to begin increase at a much lower level, blood pressure of 115/75. Blood pressure above 120/80 is considered by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to be pre-hypertenson. A BP of 140/90 mmHg is considered too high, and represents a significantly increased risk of heart disease. Unfortunately, high blood pressure is more common in certain racial and ethnic minority groups, including blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Factors controlling your Blood Pressure High blood pressure can result from several factors. The heart itself can impact blood pressure. The heart muscles itself can enlarge, causing higher pressure of blood exiting the heart. Cardiomyopathy or enlargement of the heart muscle also increases blood pressure. Excess weight makes your heart work harder to pump blood through the body. Extra fluid in your circulatory system as a result of lots of salt intake, kidney problems or other medical conditions also puts a higher demand on the heart. Increased blood volume also causes more constriction within the blood vessels, translating into higher blood pressure. The blood vessels play an important role in your blood pressure. Usually, the arteries are elastic and can expand and contract in rhythm with the hearts pumping action. High cholesterol and the plaques that form cause the arteries to lose their elasticity. Each time the heart pumps, the vessel can no longer stretch, and a higher pressure is created. Just think about what happens if you step on a garden hose. Smoking cigarettes constricts, or tightens your blood vessels, pushing the blood pressure even higher. Some medications you take such as steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nasal decongestants and other cold remedies, diet pills, cyclosporine, erythropoetin, tricyclic antidepressants and a type of anti-depressant called monoamine oxidase inhibitors can also contribute to increased BP. Oral contraceptive, which are hormones, can raise blood pressure and should be used cautiously and carefully monitored in patients with HTN. Treatment for Hypertension If you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, your doctor will most likely order additional test to determine the cause of your elevated blood pressure. He or she will also recommend more frequent visits to monitor you. For moderate hypertension, lifestyle changes may be enough to normalize blood pressure. One of the first things you can do is change your diet to avoid sodium or salt, and lower your fat intake. The National Institutes of Health's DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods, and low in total and saturated fat. The DASH diet also reduces red meat, sweets, and sugary drinks, and it's rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber, and protein. Increasing physical activity can help to lower your blood pressure. By doing at least 30 minutes of exercise a day, your risk of complications can be reduced. If you are overweight, starting a weigh loss plan can also help bring your blood pressure into the normal range. If dietary and lifestyle changes alone don't normalize your blood pressure, the next step is medication. If your doctor recommend medication, it is vital that you take it exactly as directed. Because most people don’t notice any symptoms of hypertension, even if you are feeling well, it is crucial to stick to your medication regimen. Never stop taking medication without discussing it with your healthcare team, even if you feel fine.